Commercial soaps are mixtures of ionic compounds typically made up of monatomic cations, such as Na and K , and organic polyatomic anions derived from fatty acids. These negatively charged molecular ions are characterized by the presence of hydrocarbon chains which are 12 to 18 carbon atoms long. How hard (solid, insoluble) or soft (liquid, soluble) a soap is depends on the nature of the anions and cations present in the system. Analyze how each of the following factors may affect the hardness or softness of soaps:
1. The nature of the cations. For example, Na* vs Li* vs K.
2. The length of the hydrocarbon chain. For example, 12 carbons (laureate lon), 14 carbons (myristate lon), or 18 carbons (stearate lon).

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Following are the solution to the given question:

Explanation:

For question 1:

The sodium soap containing Na+ is strong whereas the softer or liquids were potassium soap.It's hard to use lithium soap.These  Na+, K+, and Li+ ions act as the hydrophilic center.Calcium and Magnesium ions could be substituted by hard water with increasing hydrophilicity.

For question 2:

The hydrophobicity of its carbon chain increases but one appears weaker with only an increased length.Therefore, the laureate is hard, while the stearate is soft.

Related Questions

explain the process of finishing​

Answers

Answer:

[Your answer would be in this document of mine below] Thanks :D

Explanation:

SOMEONE HELP ME
1. How many grams of C are present in 4.86 grams of carbon dioxide
?
grams C.
2. How many grams of carbon dioxide contain 1.73 grams of O ?
grams carbon dioxide.

Answers

Answer:

1. 1.33 gram of carbon

2. 2.38g of carbon dioxide

Explanation:

From the given information:

Total amount of CO₂ = 4.86 grams

Atomic mass of C = 12 g/mole

molar mass of CO₂ = 44 g/mole

The mass of the Carbon (C) in grams is:

[tex]= Total\ amount \ of \ CO_2 \times \dfrac{12 \ g/mol}{44 \ g/mol}[/tex]

[tex]= 4.86 \ g \times \dfrac{12 \ g/mol}{44 \ g/mol}[/tex]

= 1.33 gram of carbon

2.

Here, the total amount of CO₂ = unknown

Atomic mass of O₂ = 32 g/mole

molar mass of CO₂ = 44 g/mole

amount of oxygen = 1.73 g

The mass of CO₂ = [tex]Total \ amount \ of \ O_2 \times \dfrac{44 \ g/mol}{32\ g/mol}[/tex]

[tex]=1.73 \times \dfrac{44 \ g/mol}{32\ g/mol}[/tex]

= 2.38 g of carbon dioxide

How many valance electrons does He need to get to 8

Answers

Answer:

Any element in group 18 has eight valence electrons (except for helium, which has a total of just two electrons

Determine the number of moles in 1.5 x 10^25
atoms of iron.

Answers

It should be 20 moles of iron

During a combustion reaction, 9.00 grams of oxygen reacted with 3.00 grams of CH4.

What is the amount of the leftover reactant?

0.74 grams of methane
0.89 grams of methane
1.22 grams of oxygen
1.45 grams of oxygen

Answers

Answer:d

Explanation:

Can you tell me any chemical reaction that occur due to kinetic energy​

Answers

Answer:

The molecules in gasoline (octane, the chemical formula shown) contain chemical energy. This energy is transformed into kinetic energy that allows a car to race on a racetrack.

Chemical energy: The molecules in gasoline contain chemical energy. This energy is transformed into kinetic energy that allows a car to race on a racetrack.

How does carbonic acid work to maintain blood pH? (Select all that apply.) Check All That Apply When blood is too basic, carbonic acid can ionize to bicarbonate and H+ ions, adding H+ ions to the blood. When blood is too basic, carbonic acid can ionize to bicarbonate and H+ ions, adding H+ ions to the blood. When blood becomes too acidic, bicarbonate combines with extra H+ ions to form carbonic acid, removing H+ ions from the blood. When blood becomes too acidic, bicarbonate combines with extra H+ ions to form carbonic acid, removing H+ ions from the blood. Carbonic acid is added to the blood until the pH reaches 7.4. Carbonic acid is added to the blood until the pH reaches 7.4. Carbonic acid always lowers the blood pH to 7.4. Carbonic acid always lowers the blood pH to 7.4. Carbonic acid can raise or lower the pH of blood. Carbonic acid can raise or lower the pH of blood.

Answers

Answer:

When blood is too basic, carbonic acid can ionize to bicarbonate and H+ ions, adding H+ ions to the blood.

When blood becomes too acidic, bicarbonate combines with extra H+ ions to form carbonic acid, removing H+ ions from the blood.

Carbonic acid can raise or lower the pH of blood.

Explanation:

A buffer is a solution that resists changes to its pH when small quantities of acids or bases are added to it. The human blood serves as a buffer as it contains a buffer of carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate anion (HCO3-) which serves to maintain blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45. Other buffering systems in blood exist such as the Hydrogen ion and oxygen gas which affects oxygen binding to haemoglobin, however the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer is the most important buffer for maintaining acid-base balance in the blood.

A buffer solution is made up of an acid and its conjugate base or a base and its conjugate acid. For carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer, carbonic acid serves as the acid while bicarbonate serves as the base. When a little quantity of a base as hydroxide ions is added to a buffer, the acid reacts with it and remove it from the solution. On the other hand, when a little quantity of an acid as hydrogen ions are added to a buffer, the conjugate base reacts with it and remove it from the solution, thus keeping the pH of the solution fairly constant.

In the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer:

When blood is too basic, carbonic acid can ionize to bicarbonate and H+ ions, adding H+ ions to the blood.

When blood becomes too acidic, bicarbonate combines with extra H+ ions to form carbonic acid, removing H+ ions from the blood.

Thus, carbonic acid can raise or lower the pH of blood.

Carbonic acid work to maintain blood pH as follows:

When blood is too basic, carbonic acid can ionize to bicarbonate and H+ ions, adding H+ ions to the blood.When blood becomes too acidic, bicarbonate combines with extra H+ ions to form carbonic acid, removing H+ ions from the blood.Carbonic acid can raise or lower the pH of blood.

WHAT IS BUFFER SOLUTION:A buffer is a solution that resists changes to its pH when small quantities of acids or bases are added to it.

A buffer is made up of an acid and its conjugate base or a base and its conjugate acid. Carbonic acid is an example of buffer that contains an acid with it's conjugate base.

This means that, carbonic acid works to maintain blood pH as follows:

When blood is too basic, carbonic acid can ionize to bicarbonate and H+ ions, adding H+ ions to the blood.When blood becomes too acidic, bicarbonate combines with extra H+ ions to form carbonic acid, removing H+ ions from the blood.Carbonic acid can raise or lower the pH of blood.

Learn more about buffers at: https://brainly.com/question/24188850

is this correct im just asking because my little brother not sure for his answer ​

Answers

I think it’s not right

Use the scenario to answer the following question. A group of students working in a chemistry lab are planning a procedure to neutralize 10.0mL of 5.0 M hydrochloric acid (strong acid) with 5.0 M potassium hydroxide (strong base). In their procedure they plan on adding an equal volume of the base to the acid. What would be the expected outcome of carrying out this step as planned?
a- The resulting pH will be less than 7 because potassium hydroxide is less concentrated than the hydrochloric acid.
b- The resulting pH will not be able to be determined because the concentrations of the acid and base are not the same.
c- The resulting pH will be greater than 7 because potassium hydroxide is less concentrated than the hydrochloric acid.
d- The resulting pH will be equal to 7 because a strong base will neutralize a strong acid.

Answers

Answer:

d- The resulting pH will be equal to 7 because a strong base will neutralize a strong acid.

Explanation:

The reaction between potassium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid of equal volume and equal concentration yields a solution of pH 7 at equivalence point. We must note that KOH is a strong base while HCl is a strong acid. This fact influences the pH of the system at equivalence point.

Owing to the fact that the acid is exactly neutralized by the base; at the equivalence point of such titration, it is expected that hydrogen ions(H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) must have reacted to form water, this leads to a final pH of 7.  

The ionization potential of Be atom is more than expected because it has -

(a) half filled valence p orbitals
(b) fully filled valence s orbitals
(c) both a and b

Answers

Answer:

(b) fully filled valence s orbitals

Explanation:

Electron configuration of Be: 1s22s2

2s2 is fully filled

Hydrogen iodide can decompose into hydrogen and iodine gases. 2HI(g) H2(g) I2(g) K for the reaction is 0.016. Of 0.148 atm of HI(g) is sealed in a flask, what is the pressure of each gas when equilibrium is established

Answers

Solution :

Given :

Hydrogen iodide decomposes to hydrogen and iodine gas

    [tex]$2 HI \ \ \ \Leftrightarrow \ \ \ \ H_2 \ \ \\ + \ \ I_2 $[/tex]

I    0.148            0          0

C     -2a           +a          +a

E  0.148-2a      a            a

We know

[tex]$k_p=\frac{P(H_2)P(I_2)}{P(HI)^2}$[/tex]

[tex]$0.016=\frac{a^2}{(0.148-2a)^2}$[/tex]

[tex]$0.016^{1/2}=\frac{a}{0.148-2a}$[/tex]

[tex]$0.12649=\frac{a}{0.148-2a}$[/tex]

0.0187 = 1.2529 a

a = 0.0149

Therefore

P(HI) = 0.148 - 2a

        = 0.148 - 2(0.0149)

        = 0.1182 atm

P([tex]$H_2$[/tex]) =  a

        = 0.0149 atm

P([tex]$I_2$[/tex]) =  a

        = 0.0149 atm

A sample of air was collected on a day when the total atmosphere
pressure was 592 mmHg. The sample contained only oxygen and
nitrogen gas. If the oxygen in the sample had a pressure of 261
mmHg, how much pressure did the nitrogen have?
A. 853 mm Hg
B. 0.206 mm Hg
C. 4.76 mm Hg
D. 331 mm Hg
E. Other________
(Please show me how you did it)

Answers

Answer:

D. 331 mm Hg

Explanation:

We can solve this problem by keeping in mind the law of partial pressures, which states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of its components.

In other words:

P oxygen + P nitrogen = Total P

We input the given data:

261 mmHg + P nitrogen = 592 mmHg

And calculate the pressure of the nitrogen:

P nitrogen = 331 mmHg

Question 4 (10 points)
If a sollition has a pOH of 5.2 the [OH-] of the solution is
оа
6x 10-6 M
Ob
6.3 x 10-6 M
Oc
1.58 x 10-5M
Od
2x10-5M

Answers

Answer:

     

Explanation:

       

Which of the following is an example of an environmental impact of agriculture?

high use of mineral resources
high use of water
high use of gold, copper, and silver
high use of rock supplies

Answers

Answer:

high use of mineral resources

Explanation:

brainliest pls

How/what do I answer this?--> "heat of the chemical reactions"
like this is the question :/

Answers

Answer:

The heat of reaction is the energy that is released or absorbed when chemicals are transformed in a chemical reaction. It describes the change of the energy content when reactants are converted into products.

Explanation:

Yeah, that would confuse me a bit but then you read it and then you will get that answer above! Have a great rest of your day!

What is the name of Na

Answers

sodium
mdmsjdkskdkskdjxjxjjz

1st law of motion law of inertia in toy story 2

Answers

Answer:Law of inertia, also called Newton's first law, postulate in physics that, if a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted upon by a force
If the forces are balanced , the object will make no movement. Enjoy :)

Students are asked to design an experiment with cookies to demonstrate their understanding of the scientific method. One group has decided to determine the amount of time it will take for a cookie to "dissolve" in a glass of milk.

Which variable would most likely NOT affect the time it takes for the cookie to dissolve?

a) the size of the cup of milk
b) the type of cookie
c) the number of students in the group
d) the temperature of the milk
e) the type of milk​​

Answers

I'm gonna guess E on this one, but I think you should choose either E or A

how to make 100 ml of 0.001 mM solution with 0.0405mM solution?

Answers

Answer:

Measure 2.47 mL of the stock solution (i.e 0.0405 mM) and dilute it to the 100 mL mark with water

Explanation:

To make 100 mL of 0.001 mM solution from 0.0405mM solution, we need to determine the volume of 0.0405mM solution needed. This can be obtained as follow:

Molarity of stock (M₁) = 0.0405 mM

Volume of diluted (V₂) = 100 mL

Molarity of diluted solution (M₂) = 0.001 mM

Volume of stock solution needed (V₁) =?

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

0.0405 × V₁ = 0.001 × 100

0.0405 × V₁ = 0.1

Divide both side by 0.0405

V₁ = 0.1 / 0.0405

V₁ = 2.47 mL

Therefore, to make 100 mL of 0.001 mM solution from 0.0405mM solution, measure 2.47 mL of the stock solution (i.e 0.0405 mM) and dilute it to the 100 mL mark with water.

write a story of your life when you were hurted by someone whom you trusted blindly...​

Answers

Answer:

Sis I think it happened with me but I am not able to remember if u want u can share if it happened with u

Use the nutrition label to answer the following questions.
16.How much energy is contained in
the six-cookie serving size
recommended on the label?

17.How much energy in joules is provided by eating
six cookies? (1 cal = 4.184 J; ALSO: 1 Calorie = 1
kilocalorie)

Answers

Answer:

six cookies?(1 cal _4.184 j; ALSO: 1 Calorie -1 kilocalorie)

Please help will give brainliest


Perform the following
mathematical operation, and
report the answer to the correct
number of significant figures.
328 x 0.125 = [?]

Answers

Answer: 41.0

Explanation: When you multiply the two numbers you get 41 but you need to have the same amount of significant numbers as the number in the problem with the least significant numbers. I hope this helps

______ is the process of change from a liquid to a gas at temperatures below the boiling
point.

Answers

Answer:

evaporation is the process

Answer:

Evaporation

Explanation:

Evaporation is the process of becoming a vapor. The process of extracting moisture as by heat.

Evaporation is the process of change from a liquid to a gas at temperatures below the boiling point.

Therefore, the final answer is evaporation.

If you have 600g of nitroglycerin, how many moles do you have?

help please

Answers

Answer:

600

Explanation:

there's 1 mole in every nitroglycerin

I think


Which equation represents a transmutation?

Answers

that would be the third on boss man

Answer:

A

Explanation:

edge21

In the coal-gasification process, carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide via the following reaction: CO (g) H2O (g) CO2 (g) H2 (g) In an experiment, 0.35 mol of CO and 0.40 mol of H2O were placed in a 1.00-L reaction vessel. At equilibrium, there were 0.19 mol of CO remaining. Keq at the temperature of the experiment is __________. A) 5.47 B) 1.0 C) 1.78 D) 0.75 E) 0.56

Answers

Answer: [tex]K_{eq}[/tex] at  the temperature of the experiment is 0.56.

Explanation:

Moles of  [tex]CO[/tex] = 0.35 mole

Moles of  [tex]H_2O[/tex] = 0.40 mole

Volume of solution = 1.00 L

Initial concentration of [tex]CO[/tex] = [tex]\frac{0.35mol}{1.00L}=0.35M[/tex]

Initial concentration of [tex]H_2O[/tex] = [tex]\frac{0.40mol}{1.00L}=0.40M[/tex]

Equilibrium concentration of [tex]CO[/tex] = [tex]\frac{0.19mol}{1.00L}=0.19M[/tex]

The given balanced equilibrium reaction is,

                      [tex]CO(g)+H_2O(g)\rightleftharpoons CO_2(g)+H_2(g)[/tex]

Initial conc.          0.35 M         0.40 M                  0 M        0M

    At eqm. conc.     (0.35-x) M   (0.40-x) M   (x) M      (x) M

Given:  (0.35-x) = 0.19

x= 0.16 M

The expression for equilibrium constant for this reaction will be,

[tex]K_{eq}=\frac{[CO_2]\times [H_2]}{[CO]\times [H_2O]}[/tex]  

Now put all the given values in this expression, we get :

[tex]K_{eq}=\frac{0.16\times 0.16}{(0.35-0.16)\times (0.40-0.16)}[/tex]

[tex]K_{eq}=\frac{0.16\times 0.16}{(0.19)\times (0.24)}=0.56[/tex]

Thus [tex]K_{eq}[/tex] at  the temperature of the experiment is 0.56.

14. Simply, explain the role of both the nucleus and the ribosome in protein synthesis.

Answers

Answer:

Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, which means the cell's DNA is surrounded by a membrane. Therefore, the nucleus houses the cell's DNA and directs the synthesis of proteins and ribosomes, the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

Ribosomes are the sites in a cell in which protein synthesis takes place. ... Within the ribosome, the rRNA molecules direct the catalytic steps of protein synthesis — the stitching together of amino acids to make a protein molecule.

Select the correct answer.
Using this activity chart, which reaction will happen when a piece of copper is placed in a lead nitrate solution?


A.
2Cu + 3Pb(NO3)2 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2Pb
B.
No reaction occurs.
C.
2Cu + 3Pb(NO3)2 2Cu(NO3)2 + 3Pb
D.
3Cu + 3Pb(NO3)2 3Cu(NO3)2 + 3Pb
E.
The answer cannot be determined from the information given.

Answers

Answer:

B, No reaction will occur

Explanation:

Copper as compared to lead is less reactive. This is the reason when  lead is added to copper nitrate solution, it replaces the copper and itself combines with nitrate to form lead nitrate aqueous solution

Lead + Copper(II) nitrate → Copper + Lead (II) nitrate

The same is not the case when the reaction is revered i.e Cu is added to Pb NO3 solution.

Hence, option B is correct

The lattice-like structure of a metal consists of negative metal ions in a "sea" of electrons.
O True
O False

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Metallic bonding is the type of bonding metal atoms undergo. The bond is formed through the electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive ions and negative delocalized electrons. The lattice of cations is surrounded by a sea of delocalized electrons.


Find the % composition for each element in Zinc Chlorate

Answers

Answer:

chlorine ~ 30%

zinc ~ 28%

oxygen ~ 41%

Explanation:

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