define biospheredefine biosphere ​

Answer:

Explanation:

The biosphere (from Greek βίος bíos "life" and σφαῖρα sphaira "sphere"), also known as the ecosphere (from Greek οἶκος oîkos "environment" and σφαῖρα), is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems. It can also be termed the zone of life on Earth. The biosphere is virtually a closed system with regards to matter, with minimal inputs and outputs. With regards to energy, it is an open system, with photosynthesis capturing solar energy at a rate of around 130 Terawatts per year. However it is a self-regulating system close to energetic equilibrium. By the most general biophysiological definition, the biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The biosphere is postulated to have evolved, beginning with a process of biopoiesis (life created naturally from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds) or biogenesis (life created from living matter), at least some 3.5 billion years ago.

Answer:

the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth (or analogous parts of other planets) occupied by living organisms.

Empire Electric Company (EEC) uses only debt and common equity. It can borrow unlimited amounts at an interest rate of rd = 11% as long as it finances at its target capital structure, which calls for 45% debt and 55% common equity. Its last dividend (D0) was $1.85, its expected constant growth rate is 3%, and its common stock sells for $22. EEC's tax rate is 25%. Two projects are available: Project A has a rate of return of 13%, and Project B's return is 10%. These two projects are equally risky and about as risky as the firm's existing assets. What is its cost of common equity? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. % What is the WACC? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. % Which projects should Empire accept? -Select-

Indiana Co. began a construction project in 2021 with a contract price of $162 million to be received when the project is completed in 2023. During 2021, Indiana incurred $40 million of costs and estimates an additional $84 million of costs to complete the project. Indiana recognizes revenue over time and for this project recognizes revenue over time according to the percentage of the project that has been completed.
Suppose that, in 2022, Indiana incurred additional costs of $65 million and estimated an additional $52 million in costs to complete the project. Indiana (Do not round your percentage calculated):
A) Recognized $8.91 million gross profit on the project in 2022.
B) Recognized $11.91 million gross profit on the project in 2022.
C) Recognized $3.00 million loss on the project in 2022.
D) Recognized $8.91 million loss on the project in 2022.

Under the good neighbor rule, a buyer of consumer goods, who gives value and does not have
actual or constructive knowledge of the security interest, acquires clear title if there has been no filing
a. True
b. False

Suppose that Ava withdraws $300 from her savings account at Second Bank. The reserve requirement facing Second Bank is 10%. Assume the bank does not wish to hold any excess reserves of new deposits. Use this information to complete the balance sheet below to show how Second Bank's assets and liabilities change when Ava withdraws the $300 from the bank. Instructions:
Write your answers as a whole number. If you are entering any negative numbers be sure to include a negative sign (-) in front of those numbers.
A Simple Bank Balance Sheet
Assets Liabilities
Change in Reserves: Change in Deposits:
Change in Loans:

ABC Company rents its extra office space to XYZ Company for $600 per month. On November 1, 2020, ABC Company received $3,600 rent in advance from XYZ Company for the months of November 2020, December 2020, January 2021, February 2021, March 2021, and April 2021. The adjusting entry on December 31, 2020 (the end of the fiscal year) would include:

1. Corporation management is both an advantage and a disadvantage of a corporation compared to a proprietorship or a partnership.
a) true
b) false
2. Limited liability of stockholders, government regulations, and additional taxes are the major disadvantages of a corporation.
a) true
b) false
3. When a corporation is formed, organization costs are recorded as an asset.
a) true
b) false
4. Each share of common stock gives the stockholder the ownership rights to vote at stockholder meetings, share in corporate earnings, keep the same percentage ownership when new shares of stock are issued, and share in assets upon liquidation.
a) true
b) false
5. The number of issued shares is always greater than or equal to the number of authorized shares.
a) true
b) false
6. A journal entry is required for the authorization of capital stock.
a) true
b) false
7. Publicly held corporations usually issue stock directly to investors.
a) true
b) false
8. The trading of capital stock on a securities exchange involves the transfer of already issued shares from an existing stockholder to another investor.
a) true
b) false
9. The market price of common stock is usually the same as its par value.
a) true
b) false
10. Retained earnings is the total amount of cash and other assets paid in to the corporation by stockholders in exchange for capital stock.
a) true
b) false

5. Joseph transfers $1000 from his money market fund to his checking account. This
transaction will:
a) decrease M2 and increase M1.
b) increase M1, but leave M2 unchanged.
c) decrease M1 and increase M2.
d) decrease both M1 and M2.

Roberto has received various gifts over the years and has decided to dispose of the following assets he received as gifts:
What is the recognized gain or loss from the following transactions, assuming that no gift tax was paid when the gifts were made.
If an answer is zero, select "neither a gain nor a loss" and enter "0" as the amount.
a. In 1981, he received land worth $32,000. The donor's adjusted basis was $35,000. Roberto sells the land for $95,000 in 2018.
(neither a gain or a loss/ a gain/ a loss) of $__________ is recognized.
b. In 1986, he received stock in Gold Company. The donor's adjusted basis was $19,000. The fair market value on the date of the gift was $34,000. Roberto sells the stock for $40,000 in 2018.
(neither a gain or a loss/ a gain/ a loss) of $__________ is recognized.
c. In 1992, he received land worth $15,000. The donor's adjusted basis was $20,000. Roberto sells the land for $9,000 in 2018.
(neither a gain or a loss/ a gain/ a loss) of $__________ is recognized.
d. In 2013, he received stock worth $30,000. The donor's adjusted basis was $42,000. Roberto sells the stock for $38,000 in 2018.
(neither a gain or a loss/ a gain/ a loss) of $__________ is recognized.

A wine bar entrepreneur sells cases of her private-label wine for $335 per case.For an annual fee of $300, customers may also choose to enroll in a WineAppreciation Club, which o????ers private tastings and entitles members to buy casesof wine for $200. What is the minimum number of cases a club member need topurchase for the membership to be economically advantageous?

Fosters Manufacturing Co. warrants its products for one year. The estimated product warranty is 4% of sales. Assume that sales were $280,000 for January. On February 7, a customer received warranty repairs requiring $180 of parts and $105 of labor.a. Journalize the adjusting entry required at January 31, the end of the first month of the current fiscal year, to record the accrued product warranty. b. Journalize the entry to record the warranty work provided in February.