The compositional range of lavas erupted in association with continental hotspots and rifting is diverse, including basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic lavas.
The compositional range of lavas erupted in association with continental hotspots and rifting can vary widely, but typically they are mafic (containing higher amounts of iron and magnesium) to intermediate in composition. These lavas are generally derived from the mantle, but can also incorporate crustal material during the melting process.
The sources of the lavas can be attributed to a combination of factors including mantle plumes, lithospheric thinning, and melting due to the intrusion of hot magma into the crust. These processes can result in the formation of large igneous provinces and rift-related volcanic fields, which can have significant impacts on the geology and landscape of the surrounding regions.
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Match the type of geologic hazard with the method that can be used to date when it last occurred.
Volcanic eruptions:___
Earthquakes:___
Flooding:___
A. Using isotopic methods, such as Ar-Ar dating.
B. Using cross-cutting relations to determine the age of the fault.
C. Using the amount of soil development and carbon-14 dating on terraces.
The methods used to date the occurrence of geologic hazards are: Volcanic eruptions: Using isotopic methods, such as Ar-Ar dating. Earthquakes: Using cross-cutting relations to determine the age of the fault.
Flooding: Using the amount of soil development and carbon-14 dating on terraces.
To determine when a volcanic eruption last occurred, isotopic methods like Ar-Ar dating can be employed. Ar-Ar dating involves measuring the ratios of different isotopes of argon in volcanic rocks to determine their age. By analyzing the decay of radioactive isotopes, scientists can estimate the time since the eruption.
For earthquakes, the age of the fault can be determined using cross-cutting relations. Geologists study the relationships between different rock layers and fault lines. If a fault line cuts across different rock layers, the fault is considered younger than the layers it intersects. By analyzing the relative ages of the fault and surrounding rocks, scientists can estimate the time of the last earthquake along that fault.
In the case of flooding, the age of the event can be determined by examining the amount of soil development and using carbon-14 dating on terraces. Flooding deposits can lead to the development of new layers of soil over time. By analyzing the degree of soil development and conducting carbon-14 dating on the organic material within the terraces, scientists can estimate the age of the flooding event.
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give an example of a natural resource that can be chemically changed to make a synthetic resource and describe its impact on society
Answer:
A common example is plastic. To make it, petroleum is processed and chemically changed to eventually become plastic. The series of chemical reactions that are used to change natural resources into synthetic products is called chemical synthesis.