The terms you are referring to are related to the parts of the eye. The light must pass through the cornea, the aqueous humor, the lens, and the vitreous humor before being focused on the retina.
The retina is a vital component of the eye that plays a crucial role in vision. Located at the back of the eyeball, it contains millions of specialized cells called photoreceptors, including rods and cones. These photoreceptors capture light and convert it into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain through the optic nerve, enabling us to perceive visual information. The retina also contains other cell types that assist in processing and transmitting visual signals, contributing to the formation of clear and detailed images in our visual field.
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Antidiuretic hormone prevents excessive water loss by promoting water reabsorption in the:
a) glomerulus
b) proximal convoluted tubule
c) distal convoluted tubule
d) collecting duct
e) bladder
Antidiuretic hormone promotes water reabsorption in the collecting duct, preventing excessive water loss.
The primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is to regulate the body's water balance. When released by the pituitary gland, ADH acts on the collecting ducts in the kidneys. The collecting ducts are responsible for the final concentration of urine. ADH increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water, allowing more water to be reabsorbed from the urine back into the bloodstream. This reabsorption of water helps to concentrate the urine and reduces the amount of water lost in the urine, preventing excessive water loss from the body. Therefore, the correct answer is option d) collecting duct.
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.__________ cells protect the central nervous system from foreign matter, such as bacteria and remnants of dead or injured cells?View Available Hint(s)NeutrophilsMonocytesMacrophagesMicroglia
Microglia cells protect the central nervous system from foreign matter, such as bacteria and remnants of dead or injured cells.
Microglia are specialized immune cells found within the central nervous system (CNS). They act as the primary defense system for the brain and spinal cord. These cells constantly survey their environment, identifying and eliminating any potentially harmful substances or cellular debris.
When microglia detect foreign matter like bacteria or remnants of dead or injured cells, they transform into an active state, engulfing and destroying the foreign material through a process called phagocytosis. This process helps maintain the health and functionality of the CNS by preventing the accumulation of harmful substances and ensuring a stable environment for neurons to function.
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This reflex involves extrinsic eye muscles, and is controlled by the somatic nervous system.
photopupillary
convergence
accommodation pupillary
The reflex that involves extrinsic eye muscles and is controlled by the somatic nervous system is convergence.
Convergence refers to the simultaneous inward movement of both eyes to maintain focus on a near object. This reflex is mediated by the contraction of the medial rectus muscles of the eyes, which are innervated by the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III). When an object moves closer to the eyes, the visual stimulus triggers the convergence reflex, causing the eyes to rotate inward and align their visual axes on the object. This allows for binocular vision and proper focusing on nearby objects. The convergence reflex is an example of a voluntary motor response mediated by the somatic nervous system, as it involves the control of skeletal muscles.
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the process of accurately amplifying a sample of dna is called __________________________.
The process of accurately amplifying a sample of DNA is called Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). PCR is a widely used molecular biology technique that facilitates the exponential amplification of a specific DNA sequence.
The process of accurately amplifying a sample of DNA is called polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR is a widely used technique in molecular biology that allows for the amplification of a specific segment of DNA. This technique involves the use of a DNA polymerase enzyme, which replicates the DNA strands by extending primers that are complementary to the target DNA sequence. The amplification process occurs through a series of cycles, each involving three steps: denaturation, annealing, and extension.
During denaturation, the DNA strands are separated by heating the sample to a high temperature. The primers are then annealed to their complementary sequences during the annealing step, followed by the extension step in which the DNA polymerase extends the primers to generate new strands of DNA. The end result of PCR is the exponential amplification of a specific DNA fragment that can be used for various downstream applications, such as DNA sequencing and genetic analysis.
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