A new forensics lab will be opening soon, and the proper elements for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis must be purchased. In addition to the DNA samples from the crime scenes, what other molecular items would be required

Answers

Answer 1

Other molecular items would be required Ions, magnesium, dNTP, primers, and buffer.

What other molecular items would be required?

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique for obtaining a large number of copies of a particular DNA fragment from a small amount of sample. It is sufficient to start from a single copy of that original fragment, or mould. This technique is based on the natural property of DNA polymerases to replicate strands of DNA, using alternating high and low-temperature cycles to separate the newly formed strands of DNA from each other after each replication phase, and then allow the strands of DNA to rejoin so that they can be duplicated again.  Today, the entire PCR process is automated by means of a device called a thermal cycler, which allows the reaction tubes to be heated and cooled in order to control the temperature required for each stage of the reaction.

The common PCR is performed with cycles that have three temperature steps:

DNA denaturation double strandHybridization of the primers to the specific zone 3'of each of the strandsExtension of the primer by action of DNA polymerase

The components necessary to carry out a PCR are:

Divalent Ions: necessary for polymerase function, magnesium ions are generally used and are in the form of magnesium chloride salt MgCl2 . The final concentration of Mg++ should be between 1.5-2.0 mM and is optimal for most PCR products.

dNTP: deoxyribonucleotides triphosphate, used by the polymerase to extend the chain.

Primers: are two short nucleotide sequences that are complementary to the DNA fragment mold. They are generally constituted between 20-40 nucleotides on average and with a GC content of 40-60%.

Buffer: Solution necessary for the reactions to take place, it is in charge of keeping the pH stable.

Taq polymerase: Enzyme in charge of DNA synthesis by adding dNTP. It supports high temperatures however has no corrective activity.

All these components are mixed in one solution.

Thus,  Ions, magnesium, dNTP, primers, and buffer.

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Related Questions

Identify the importance of carbon

Answers

Carbon is an essential to all living forms on earth, whether they need carbon intake to help produce food or release carbon for breathing. All plants and animal life need carbon, without it would be impossible for life on earth.

One species of pufferfish puts on a
display for a mate and another species
doesn't like it. this is an example of
what?

Answers

The display of one species that causes the dislike for another species is an example of competition. Details about competition can be found below.

What is competition?

Competition in biology is a negative relationship between two or more organisms that leads to the death or injury of involved parties.

Living organisms compete for the following reasons:

FoodMateSpace

According to this question, one species of pufferfish puts on a display for a mate and another species doesn't like it. This indicates that the species of putterfish are involved in a competition.

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Answer:

Explanation: behavioral barrier

what change do you observe in three seed if you use boiled and cooled water of tap water in breaker​

Answers

Not sure but hope this helps!
Multimedia. Water boils in a flask, and later the flask is
stoppered and removed from the hot plate. When ice
water is poured over the flask, the water begins to boil.
When the flask is cooled, the pressure of the water
vapor decreases, which decreases the boiling point of
the water.

What are the three techniques scientists can
use for correlation ? (fossils)

Answers

Types of Correlational Research. There are three types of correlational research: naturalistic observation, the survey method, and archival research.

Life used to be organized into two group, plants and animals.  What are the 5 kingdoms of life recognized today?*
a. Animal, Fungi, Archaea, Bacteria, Vertebrate b. Protist, Animal, Bacteria, Eukaryote, Archaea c. Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protist, Bacteria
d. Fungi,Vertebrate, Plant, Animal, Bacteria​

Answers

Answer:

C.  Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protist, Bacteria 

Explanation:

Another word for bacteria would be monera. The more technically correct version of the answer would be animal, plant, fungi, protist, and monera. However, monera is basically bacteria. So C is your best answer.

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Life used to be organized into 2 groups : plants and animals by Swedish botanist Carl Linneaus. Then it was again classified by American ecologist R. H. Whittaker into 5 kingdoms :

MoneraProtistaFungiPlantaeAnimalia

The option which lists these options is c (kindly note that bacteria are classified under Kingdom Monera)

Wats da answer bc I’m confused

Answers

Answer:

A. Cell

B. Organ

C. Tissue

Explanation:

cell: The smallest unit of life capable of independent reproduction. Generally contains nucleic acid, cytoplasm, a cell membrane, and many other proteins and structures.

organ: A structure made of different tissues that work together to perform physiological functions.

Tissues: A group of similar cells with the same origin that work together to perform the same function.

What are the 5 elements of digestion

Answers

The five elements of digestion are:-

1. Ingestion:- Taking food into the mouth.

2. Digestion:- Breaking down of food so it can be absorbed into the small intestine.

3. Absorption:- Food passes into blood system from small intestine.

4. Assimilation:- The way in which the body uses food.

Getting rid.

5. Getting rid of undigested and unabsorbed food.

What is digestion?

Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma.

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What climatic conditions are required to trigger an amphibian migration?.

Answers

Warm temperatures and heavy rains
Hope this helped :)

what type of protein is often used to cary other molecules

Answers

Answer:

Globular proteins

Explanation:

They play many biological roles, including acting as enzymes, hormones, immunoglobulins, and transport molecules

Answer: The type of protein that is often used to carry other molecules is Globular

Explanation:

A sod grower whose client has requested a (blank) nearly 18 months from sowing to harvest.
growth variety of grass must calculate that it will be

Answers

A grass grower whose customer requested a lawn that is nearly 18 months old from sowing to harvesting. Grass growing variety should calculate that it will be 1 year and 6 months.

How is grass growing?

Grass boards should be lined up side by side so that they root and grow evenly.the importance of irrigation. “Right after planting, it is necessary to irrigate the area of ​​grass planted well”, in this way, the grass will settle in the soil and grow beautiful and green.

With this information, we can conclude that a grass grower whose customer requested a lawn that is nearly 18 months old from sowing to harvesting. Grass growing variety should calculate that it will be 1 year and 6 months.

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When does behavioral isolation occur?

Answers

Behavioral isolation occurs when a subset of a particular species slowly undergoes changes in its behavior ordinarily due to traveling to different geographical regions.

The graphs below show the changes in crab color at one beach from 1950 to 1990.

The change in crab color is an example of which type of evolution?

O A. Stabilizing selection, because one crab color was preferred over other colors.

O B. Stabilizing selection, because two crab colors were preferred over other colors.

O C. Directional selection, because two extreme colors were preferred over the more moderate color.

O D. Disruptive selection, because two extreme colors were preferred over the more moderate color.

O E. Adaptive radiation, because crabs of a single color evolved to form crabs of several colors.

Answers

The change in crab color is an example of Disruptive selection because two extreme colors were preferred over the more moderate color. Thus, the correct option for this question is D.

What is Natural selection?

Natural selection may be defined as the selection of a few individuals from any given population according to their favorable variations.

In 1950, the crab color is in the form of stabilizing selection, while in 1990, it changes to disruptive selection that favors the two extreme colors over the intermediate one.

Disruptive selection occurs when environmental conditions changes in two different directions. Due to which variance increases in population.  

Therefore, the correct option is D.

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what makes phylum arthropoda different from other phylum of kingdom Animalia​

Answers

see the file attached!!

In which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reform?.

Answers

I think it’s in Prometaphase- i’m not so sure as i’ve only learned little from it but i’ve heard something about the nuclear envelope being the barrier.

HELPPP ASAP!! A population of skunks lives in a woodland habitat. The skunks are unable to leave the habitat because of a large mountain. Describe two reasons this population is not at Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.

Answers

Some of the conditions are there that must be met for a population or an allele to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation are:

1. The population of species must be very large.

2. There must be no migration and population must be isolated in a species.

3. There must be no mutations in a population of species.

4. There must be random mating, which means there are no mating preferences.

So, a population will not be according to Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium if it is small, or there are , which is not raised, but mutations are expected to occur in future. Skunks can also migrate to another region of a woods despite the presence of a large mountain. As a result of possible mutations and migrations, the population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

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3. A child has brown hair and brown eyes. His
father has brown hair and blue eyes. His mother
has red hair and brown eyes. The best explana-
tion for the child having brown hair and brown
eyes is that
(1) a gene mutation occurred that resulted in
brown hair and brown eyes
gene expression must change in each genera-
tion so evolution can occur
(3) the child received genetic information from
each parent
(4) cells from his mother's eyes were present in
the fertilized egg
7.

Answers

Answer:

25%

Explanation:

Parent 2's phenotype is dominant in the first trait, recessive in the second trait, and dominant in the third trait. Parent 2 is predicted to have 1664 children, or 25% of them, with the same trait. AabbCC and AabbCc are their genotypes.

Abiotic factors that could affect the stability of an ecosystem could include:.

Answers

Atmosphere, sunlights, water, wind and soil are a few

Where do sperm go after leaving the epididymis?
OA. Ejaculatory duct
OB. Seminiferous tubules
C. Vas deferens
OD. Urethra

Answers

c is the right answer

Explanation:

hope it will helpful for you.

On leaving the epididymis, the sperm is expelled into the vas deference, thus the correct option is option C.

Where is the sperm stored?

The sperm are stored in the epididymis. Upon ejaculation, the sperm leaves the epididymis and migrates to the vas deferens.

The vas deferens create a protective fluid that protects the sperm while it's out from the urethra. If sperm does make it into the vagina, there’s a chance that it will fertilize the female egg.

Epididymis is a long tube that functions to transport sperm from the testis to the vas deference. While traveling through the different parts of the epididymis the sperm gets mature and acquires the ability to swim. So epididymis plays an important role in the maturation and transport of sperm.

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36. What are the two smaller tubes that branch off of the trachea?
O epiglottis
O diaphragm
Obronchi
O tongue

Answers

Answer:

The answer is Bronchi

Explanation:

The Trachea is divided into two smaller tubes called the bronchi, one for each lung.

Which type of cell transport is used by chloroplasts to make hydrogen (H*) ions move against their concentration gradient?
O A. Exocytosis
O B. Passive transport
O C. Active transport
O D. Diffusion ​

Answers

Answer:

The answer to the question is C

What scientific term describes differences in characteristics between individuals of
a species?
[1 mark]

Answers

Answer:

Variation is the term you seek.

How long does it take for an embalmed body to decompose?.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The embalming … body decomposition timeline 24-72 hours after death — the internal organs decompose. 3-5 days after death — the body starts to bloat and blood containing foam leaks from the mouth and nose. 01/02/2007 · The time for an embalmed body to be reduced to a skeleton varies greatly.

Explain how the liver is involved in regulating the composition of the blood and in protecting the body against toxic substances

Answers

Answer:

The liver regulates most chemical levels in the blood and excretes a product called bile. This helps carry away waste products from the liver. All the blood leaving the stomach and intestines passes through the liver.

how does the differences in shape between the long bones and flat bones contribute to their different functions

Answers

Answer:

It depends on its function and what it is holding

PLEASEE help fast!!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

I think its fourth one

Explanation:

4 th one only guess

Carolyn and ken are learning about the geosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere. they put sand in a small swimming pool. they dug a hole in the middle and filled the hole with water. they turned a fan on and watched how the water and sand changed.

Answers

Answer: Hope this helps!

Explanation:

PLEASE I NEED HELP QUICKLY

The Water Cycle​

Answers

Answer:

1. Evaporation

2. Transpiration
3. Condensation
4. Precipitation
5. Surface Runoff
6. Percolation
7. Reservoir

Explanation:

I hope this helps! :)

You are given a graduated cylinder and are asked to determine how much liquid is in the container. First, you put the cylinder on a flat surface. Wha
will you do then to get the most accurate reading?

Answers

Answer:

find the width and length?

The study of blood, which is a group of similar cells that have a common function, would be an example of ______.

Answers

Histology is the study of blood, which is a group of similar cells that have a common function.

What is blood?

Blood is a connective tissue that contains cells known as red blood cells, while blood cells, and platelets, and is responsible for transport of different substances, is referred to as blood.

The study of blood is histology.

Thus, the answer is histology.

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In simple terms, what is fracking?

Answers

Answer: Fracking is drilling into earth and directing a mixture of water, sand and chemicals at a rock layer to release gas inside.

Answer:

Fracking is revolutionizing oil and gas drilling across the country.

Explanation:

I hope it helps! Have a great day!

Pan~

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