how corruption manifest in public sector and private sector ​

Answer:

All before-mentioned forms of corruption occur in the public sector, including bribery, embezzlement, illicit enrichment, trading in influence, and abuse of functions (which can involve favouritism and nepotism). As noted in Module 1, the precise legal articulation of corruption offences is complex. For example, article 15 of UNCAC defines bribery in the public sector as "[t]he promise, offering or giving, to a public official, directly or indirectly, of an undue advantage, for the official himself or herself or another person or entity, in order that the official act or refrain from acting in the exercise of his or her official duties". While this definition can be difficult to digest, the essence of the crime - money or anything else of value exchanged for benefits from political or economic actors - is not difficult to grasp. Nor is it difficult to understand the effect of the crime - circumventing lawful procedures by auctioning off political or economic power to the highest bidder.

The same goes for embezzlement and misappropriation of property, defined in UNCAC Article 17. Beyond the complex legal formulation of the definition, the bottom line is that someone entrusted with something valuable (such as property, funds or investments) has taken it for him- or herself or routed it to some third party at the expense of others. It is, essentially, a combination of betrayal and theft. UNCAC article 19 defines the offence of abuse of functions. This offence could apply to situations such as patronage (the use of State resources to reward individuals for their electoral support); nepotism (preferential treatment of relatives); cronyism (awarding jobs and other advantages to friends or trusted colleagues); and sextortion (the demand for sexual favours as a form of payment) - all of which undermine independent or democratically representative decision-making, and fair and competitive processes in the formation or staffing of governments. Like the crimes of bribery and embezzlement, these forms of corruption are highly destructive of transparency, accountability and the rule of law. That is not only their effect; it is also their object and purpose. For a further discussion of the crimes defined by UNCAC and the corollary obligations of States that are party to the Convention, see Module 12 of the E4J University Module Series on Anti-Corruption.

Corruption manifests differently in different areas of the public sector. For example, corruption schemes in the areas of security and defence may include patronage and bribes to secure the purchase of military equipment from a particular company, while in the health sector it may refer to kickbacks that patients have to pay to their doctors or abuse of healthcare funds by public officials and doctors. In the area of education, corruption occurs when lecturers demand favours from their students to pass an exam or to receive a diploma (for more information about corruption in education see Module 9 of the E4J University Module Series on Anti-Corruption). Common corruption schemes in the police and the judiciary include the manipulation of cases and evidence by the police, court judgments given to satisfy a favoured party, and corruption in judicial procurement. All these schemes lead to people's frustration, disengagement, polarization and even conflict. When these corruption offences occur in the areas of the public sector that are responsible for providing justice and enforcing the law, such as the judiciary and the police, they are not only offences in their own right, they also obstruct the course of justice and undermine the rule of law and human rights in the most direct and fundamental way.

Harry Harlow's research on rhesus monkeys could possibly apply to humans. How would his research
MOST likely play out with human subjects?
A:Human children would be more confident and secure if they were separated from their mothers.
B:Human children would create ties with an artificial mother if they provide comfort and warmth.
C:Human children would be able to grow up independently and develop the skills needed to speak and walk.
D:Human children would easily be able to distinguish between gender roles in society.

Explain
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How did the Constitution ensure the United States remained a democratic country? (3 points)

Group of answer choices

People were given a say by being allowed to vote.

Limits were set on where people could move.

Citizens were given a limited set of freedoms.

People were only allowed to own a certain amount of land.

Because of the compounding effect:

A) a small loan balance can become large
B) a large loan balance becomes smaller
C) people with low credit scores often have difficulty obtaining loans
D) people with high credit scores often have difficulty obtaining loans

What resource does North Korea have in greater abundance than Japan or South Korea? Responses A. minerals B. skilled labor C. farmland D. lumber

What is the moral responsibility of a person?​

PLEASE HELP, ITS DUE AT 10:00

All of the following are left hemisphere functions except:

Problem solving

Thinking Understanding nonverbal behavior

Reading

Mathematics​

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help me please !!!! ill give brainliest :) one to two sentences, analyze how Jim Crow laws led to social divisions in the South

Flooding and slash-and-burn techniques lead to
deforestation
b. contaminated wells
a.
C. pollution
d. acid rain
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
ΟΑ
ОВ
ОC
OD

What is the primary purpose of a political action committee

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___ 1. The transfer of energy from the Sun to producers and a chain of consumers.
___ 2. An animal that obtains nutrition only from plants.
___ 3. An organism that obtains nutrients from both plants and animals.
___ 4. An animal that obtains nutrients from eating other animals.

A. Food chain
B. Omnivores
C. Carnivores
D. Herbivores

Jacinta was brought up in the Dominican Republic, and English is not her first language. Occasionally she chooses the wrong words to convey her ideas. Which competence is being addressed here

34. A study of global average temperature from 1550 to 1850 was conducted and showed that some regions were affected by a mini ice age. Europe experienced large glacial sheets of ice during this time. How would this have affected agriculture in the region?
1. Crops could not withstand the cold temperatures and died
2. Growing season would decrease
3. Famine would occur
a. I only

b. II only

c. I and III only

d. I, II, and III

Explain why C graded neighborhoods are graded better then D neighborhoods.

20 POINTS Which of the following is not one of Georgia's five levels of trial courts?

state court
superior court
supreme court
probate court

How can we compare the UK's natural resources to Russia's?