how bacterial species build antibiotic resistance.

Answers

Answer 1

When that bacteria changes in some way that reduces or eliminates the use of the drug.


Related Questions

Alternate forms of a gene having the same position on a pair of chromosomes and affecting the same trait
are called ______. A) phenotypes B) alleles
C) DNA
D) mutations E) genotypes

Answers

Answer:

The answer is B) alleles

Explanation:

Alternate forms of a gene having the same position on a pair of chromosomes and affecting the same trait are called alleles.

What do you mean by traits?

Traits may be defined as the appearance or manifestation of the desired characters. Traits are also known as phenotypes.

Every factor or gene has two alternative copies, one comes from the father and one comes from the mother. These two copies are present in the same location on the homologous chromosome. They are known as alleles of each other.

Therefore, Alternate forms of a gene having the same position on a pair of chromosomes and affecting the same trait are called alleles.

To learn more about Alleles, refer to the link:

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1pt Which of the following life processes is not necessary for an individual organism to survive, but is necessary for the survival of the species?
A. digestion
B. respiration
C. regulation
D. reproduction

Answers

Answer:

D. reproduction

Explanation:

If the species doesn't reproduce they die out or become extinct.


Which term describes the area of bedrock from which soil forms?

mineral deposit

B horizon

parent rock

A horizon

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Answer:

A. Horizon describes the area of bedrock from which soil forms.

hope it helps!

science help pls, thank you

Answers

Answer:

1A. Agriculture

2. C.Industrial

5. B

6. A

7. D.Cities

Explanation:

It is known as dead zone because of the little or absence of oxygen in the water body. It doesn’t support life. Sources of Pollution in water bodies are mainly by Agricultural acitivities. Other sources include industrial wastes, municipal uses etc.

What type of energy transformation takes place when carbon is cycled during cellular respiration?
A) Chemical energy to chemical energy
B) Chemical energy to electrical energy
C) Mechanical energy to chemical energy
D) Mechanical energy to mechanical energy

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

A coal-fired power plant involves these energy transformations: Chemical energy in the coal is converted into thermal energy in the exhaust gases of combustion. Thermal energy of the exhaust gases converted into thermal energy of steam through heat exchange.

Why is electroreception important to sharks?
O keeps predators away
O detects prey
O balance
O attracts mates​

Answers

Keeps predators away

PLEASE HELPP. 20 POINTS
Brandy knows that chromosomes behave differently in meiosis and mitosis. What do chromosomes do in meiosis but not in mitosis?


Each chromosome makes a copy.

The homologous chromosomes form pairs.

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

Chromosomes condense or shorten up before cell division begins.

Answers

Answer:

It's B

Explanation:

"The daughter cells produced by mitosis are identical, whereas the daughter cells produced by meiosis are different because crossing over has occurred. The events that occur in meiosis but   not   mitosis include homologous chromosomes pairing up, crossing over, and lining up along the metaphase plate in tetrads.

Answer:

The homologous chromosomes form pairs.

Explanation:

When iron in rocks reacts with oxygen, it
forms iron oxide (rust), which weakens
rocks and causes them to break apart.
This is an example of...

Answers

Answer:

Oxidation

Explanation:

Please answer both questions. Pretty simple. Extra points and brainiest will be given!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

1. water corrodes the soil and soil is a non renewable resource that needs to be conserved

2. renewable

Explanation:

if anyone can double check I am right, please do! I am not exactly sure of the first one but it seems to be right to the best of my knowledge

water can be classed as both a non-renewable and renewable resource which makes this question very confusing! sorry if I got it wrong x

what kingdom does this organism most likely belong in

Answers

Answer:

The kingdoms that are multicellular are Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia,protista

Explanation:

Answer:

Fungi,

Explanation:

Fill in the blank. Giraffe necks and mice necks have the same number of vertebrae, despite their different sizes and functions. This is an example of a(n) _______. The wings of insects, bats, and birds are structurally different but achieve similar functions. This is an example of a/an _______. The peppered moth provides an example of _______, as the predominant color of moths changed over time as pollution dictated which color was best camouflaged for protection from predators. Respond to the following based on your reading. Two species, a cactus and a Venus fly-trap, have a water intake system that's similar in function but not in structure. What type of structure is this? A scientist is trying to determine if two species are closely related or if they just have the same external features. What would you look for to make this determination? You go to school and discover that your friend got admitted to the hospital for a burst appendix. You want to learn if the appendix serves a function in our bodies. What would you need to research? A species of beetle in Africa looks really similar to a different species in South America. How would the environment influence species development? Why does Australia have so many genetically distinct organisms?

Answers

Answer:

homologous structure

analogous structure

natural selection

This is known as an analogous structure.

To make this determination, you need to think about if the features are the same in function or also in structure. Features that have a closely related structure and function are likely to be related.

To learn more about why your friend is in the hospital, you should research vestigial structures.

These two beetles aren't closely related, but they look and behave similarly. This is because they live in the same environmental conditions and likely share a common ancestor that lived in Gondwana (the supercontinent that included the southern continents before they split apart through plate tectonics).

Australia has so many genetically distinct organisms because it has been separated from other bodies of land by water for a very long time. This has created an opportunity for long-term independence of other geographic areas.

Explanation:

Penn Foster

Answer:

1. homologous structure

2. analogous structure

3. natural selection

4. This is known as an analogous structure.

5. To make this determination, you need to think about if the features are the same in function or also in structure. Features that have a closely related structure and function are likely to be related.

6. To learn more about why your friend is in the hospital, you should research vestigial structures.

7. These two beetles aren't closely related, but they look and behave similarly. This is because they live in the same environmental conditions and likely share a common ancestor that lived in Gondwana (the supercontinent that included the southern continents before they split apart through plate tectonics).

8. Australia has so many genetically distinct organisms because it has been separated from other bodies of land by water for a very long time. This has created an opportunity for long-term independence of other geographic areas.

What part of the respiratory tract is considered the respiratory zone?
A. Bronchioles
B. Larynx
C. Trachea
D. Alveoli

Answers

Answer:

D. Alveoli

Explanation:

Functionally, the respiratory system is separated into a conducting zone and respiratory zone:

Conducting zone consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. These structures form a continuous passageway for air to move in and out of the lungs.

Respiratory zone is found deep inside the lungs and is made up of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli. These thin-walled structures allow inhaled oxygen (O2) to diffuse into the lung capillaries in exchange for carbon dioxide (CO2).

The respiratory zone begins where the terminal bronchioles join a respiratory bronchiole, the smallest type of bronchiole, which then leads to an alveolar duct, opening into a cluster of alveoli.

Answer:

Yep, the correct answer is D.) Alveoli

Explanation:

Hope this helped you!Have a great day(:

write a paragraph to show your knowledge about diabetes that include the following terms:
Glucose, Glucagon, Pancreas, Negative Feedback, Homeostasis, and Liver

Answers

Answer:

Glucose is a simple sugar molecule that helps play a role in high/low blood sugar levels. If your blood level is too low Glucagon is released to increase your blood sugar and if it’s too high Insulin is secreted to lower blood sugar; both Insulin and Glucagon are hormones.This being said these two hormones are secreted by the pancreas. Both of these two hormones are examples of negative feedback leading to a stability In homeostasis. It is regulated by the liver, however if homeostasis is disrupted the body will stop functioning properly leaving no insulin to be produced. Therefore the end result is Diabetes

What is the difference between weather and climate?

Answers

Weather relates to the short term natural occurrences (like rain, storms, sunshine, etc) while climate refers to the long term, general state of a biosphere (like the average temperatures in certain season, how much and how periodically in rains over a long period of time, etc)

Hope this helped.

Which of the following statements supports why sexual reproduction might give organisms the chance to survive a worldwide pandemic?
Question 15 options:

a)

Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical.

b)

Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically different.

c)

Sexual reproduction requires time and energy to find a mate.

d)

Sexual reproduction happens at a very rapid rate.

Answers

I am pretty sure the answer is B.) Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically different.
But don’t quote me if it is wrong.

What geographic feature has the largest impact on creating a climate zone

Answers

i think the answer should be location

Which arrow represents the change of state described
above?
The diagram shows changes of state between solid,
liquid, and gas. The atoms of a substance gain energy
during a change of state. Before the change, the atoms
are close together and cannot slide past one another.
After the change, the substance can fill its container.
L
м
N
O

Answers

Answer:

Solid

Explanation:

If the atoms are closer together, it's a solid. If they are far apart, it's a gas. If it's in between, it's a liquid.

Help with this question

Answers

Answer:

Formula

a^2 + b^2 = c^2

a = side of right triangle

b = side of right triangle

c = hypotenuse

Explanation:

the equation y=2x+4 *
I need

Answers

Answer:

i am school shooter

Explanation:

Answer: y=4

x=0

Explanation:

Where are seeds(plant EGGS) found?*
Anther
Ovary
Petal
Filament

Answers

Answer:

Ovary

Explanation:

ANSWER: Ovary

EXPLANATION: The ovary contains ovules (eggs) that become seeds once they are fertilized.

Complete and analyze the Punnett square. R represents round seeds; r represents
wrinkled seeds.

Ratio of phenotypes:
Ratio of genotypes:
Percent of offspring with round seeds:
Percent of offspring with wrinkled seeds:


WILL MARK!!

Answers

Answer:

below

Explanation:

Genotype

RR-25%

Rr-50%

rr-25%

Phenotype

R-75%

r-25%

Percent of offspring with round seeds:75%

Percent of offspring with wrinkled seeds:25%

Identify the disorders described. immune system overreacts to an antigen part of the immune system does not function properly the body's immune system attacks its healthy cells, mistaking them for pathogens masses of cells form and steal nutrients from healthy cells

Answers

Answer: 1: allergic disorders

2. Immunodeficiency disorders

3. Autoimmune disorders

4. Cancers

Immune system overreacts to an antigen part of the immune system does not function properly the body's immune system attacks its healthy cells, mistaking them for pathogens masses of cells form and steal nutrients from healthy.

What do you mean by Allergy?

Allergy may be defined as a reaction by our immune system to something that does not trouble most other people. It affects a person more specifically.

When a person gets affected by any allergy, the immune system of that person may overreact by producing more antibodies. These antibodies attack the allergen particles and cause adverse symptoms.

A person who has allergies has them because his or her body over reacts to a material that would otherwise be ignored. It is an overreaction of the immune system triggering a immune attack response that is unneeded.

Therefore, a person who has allergies has a compromised immune system because the body's immune system overreacts to an antigen.

Learn more about antigen on:

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Name 5 Dinosaurs Related to Tyrannosaurus rex and Speed also Hight​

Answers

Answer: Spinosaurus Gigantosaurus Allosaurus Tyrannosaurs and Titanosaur.  PLEASE GIVE ME BRAINLIEST

Explanation:  Saurischian Height Length Weight

Acrocanthosaurus (top-spined lizard) 19 ft. 5.8 m 40 ft. 12.2 m 6,000lbs 2,722kg.

Albertosaurus (Alberta lizard) 15 ft. 4.6 m 30 ft. 9.1 m 6,000lbs 2,722kg.

Allosaurus (other lizard) 17 ft. 5.2 m 40 ft. 12.2 m 4,000lbs 1,814kg.

Apatosaurus (deceptive lizard) 15 ft. 4.5 m 75 ft. 22.9 m 66,000lbs 29,937kg.

Archaeopteryx (ancient wing) 1 ft. 0.3 m 3 ft. 0.9 m 2lbs 0.9 kg.

Argentinosaurus (Argentina lizard) 70 ft. 21.4 m 120 ft. 36.6 m 220,000lbs 99,792kg.

Baryonyx (heavy claws) 6 ft. 1.8 m 30 ft. 9.1 m 4,000lbs 1,814kg.

Brachiosaurus (arm lizard) 50 ft. 15.2 m 100 ft. 30.5 m 100,000lbs 45,360kg.

Ceratosaurus (horned lizard) 13 ft. 4.0 m 20 ft. 6.1 m 3,000lbs 1,361kg.

Coelophysis (hollow form) 3 ft. 0.9 m 9 ft. 2.7 m 100lbs 45.5kg.

Compsognathus (elegant jaw) 2 ft. 0.6 m 3 ft. 0.9 m 8lbs 3.6kg.

Deinonychus (terrible claw) 5 ft. 1.5 m 9 ft. 2.7 m 175lbs 80kg.

Diplodocus (double beam) 24 ft. 7.3 m 89 ft. 27.1 m 50,000lbs 22,680kg.

Dromiceiomimus (emu mimic) 5 ft. 1.5 m 11 ft. 3.4 m 220lbs 100kg.

Gallimimus (fowlmimic) 8 ft. 2.4 m 18 ft. 5.5 m 260lbs 118kg.

Mamenchisaurus (Mamenchi lizard) 35 ft. 10.7 m 69 ft. 21.0 m 60,000lbs 27,216kg.

Megalosaurus (big lizard) 12 ft. 3.7 m 26 ft. 7.9 m 2,000lbs 907kg.

Microvenator (small hunter) 2.5 ft0.8 m 4 ft. 1.2 m 14lbs 6.4kg.

Ornithomimus (bird mimic) 8 ft. 2.4 m 15 ft. 4.6 m 300lbs 136kg.

Oviraptor (egg robber) 3 ft. 0.9 m 5 ft. 1.5 m 80lbs 36kg.

Plateosaurus (flat lizard) 7 ft. 2.1 m 26 ft. 7.9 m 4,000lbs 1,814kg.

Saurornithoides (narrow-clawed lizard) 3 ft. 0.9 m 6.5 ft. 2.0 m 60lbs 27kg.

Seismosaurus (tremor lizard) 84 ft. 25.6 m 150 ft. 45.7 m 200,000lbs 90,720kg.

Spinosaurus (spiny lizard) 8 ft. 2.4 m 40 ft. 12.2 m 14,000lbs 6,350kg.

Supersaurus (super lizard) 66 ft. 20.1 m 100 ft. 30.5 m 120,000lbs .54,432kg.

Tyrannosaurus (tyrant lizard) 23 ft. 7.0 m 50 ft. 15.2 m 14,000lbs .6,350kg.

Ultrasauros (ultra lizard) 53 ft. 16.2 m 100 ft. 30.5 m 140,000lbs .63,504kg.

Velociraptor (swift robber) 2 ft. 0.6 m 6 ft. 1.8 m 250lbs .113kg.

   View printable version of table.

Ornithischian Height Length Weight

Ankylosaurus (armored lizard) 7 ft. 2.1 m 35 ft. 10.6 m 10,000lbs 4,536kg.

Camptosaurus (bent lizard) 10 ft. 3.0 m 23 ft. 7.0 m 4,000lbs 1,814kg.

Chasmosaurus (cleft lizard) 6 ft. 1.8 m 17 ft. 5.2 m 3,000lbs 1,361kg.

Claosaurus (broken lizard) 6 ft. 1.8 m 12 ft. 3.7 m 2,000lbs 907kg.

Corythosaurus (helmet lizard) 16 ft. 4.9 m 30 ft. 9.1 m 8,860lbs 4,019kg.

Dravidosaurus (Dravidanadu lizard) 4 ft. 1.2 m 10 ft. 3.0 m 2,000lbs 907kg.

Dryosaurus (oak lizard) 6 ft. 1.8 m 13 ft. 4.0 m 2,000lbs 907kg.

Euoplocephalus (well-armored head) 4 ft. 1.2 m 17 ft. 5.2 m 7,000lbs3,175kg.

Hadrosaurus (bulky lizard) 15 ft. 4.6 m 30 ft. 9.1 m 6,000lbs 2,722kg.

Hypsilophodon (high-crested tooth) 3 ft. 0.9 m 7.5 ft. 2.3 m 140lbs 64kg.

Iguanodon (iguana tooth) 18 ft. 5.5 m 30 ft. 9.1 m 10,000lbs 4,536kg.

Kentrosaurus (spiky lizard) 5 ft. 1.5 m 17 ft. 5.2 m 4,000lbs 1,814kg.

Lambeosaurus (Lamb's lizard) 18 ft. 5.5 m 30 ft. 9.1 m 14,000lbs 6,350kg.

Nodosaurus (node lizard) 6 ft. 1.8 m 18 ft. 5.5 m 6,000lbs 2,722kg.

Ouranosaurus (brave monitor lizard) 10 ft. 3.1 m 23 ft. 7.0 m 8,000lbs 3,629kg.

Pachycephalosaurus (thick-headedlizard) 10 ft. 3.1 m 18 ft. 5.5 m 4,000lbs 1,814kg.

Protoceratops (first horned face) 2 ft. 0.6 m 6 ft. 1.8 m 900lbs 408kg.

Shantungosaurus (Shanshan lizard) 25 ft. 7.6 m 51 ft. 15.5 m 14,000lbs 6,350kg.

Styracosaurus (spiked lizard) 7 ft. 2.1 m 17 ft. 5.2 m 6,000lbs 2,722kg.

Stegosaurus (plated lizard) 11 ft. 3.4 m 30 ft. 9.1 m 6,000lbs 2,722kg.

Tenontosaurus (tendon lizard) 10 ft. 3.0 m 23 ft. 7.0 m 4,000lbs 1,814kg.

Torosaurus (bull lizard) 7 ft. 2.1m 21 ft. 6.4 m 12,000lbs 5,443kg.

Triceratops (three-horned face) 9.5 ft. 2.9 m 26 ft. 7.9 m 14,000lbs 6,350kg.

The above answer is actually very incorrect as it names various species from various different groups and species.

When looking for related species to tyrannosaurus you should look under Tyrannosauridae to get an accurate answer.

Tyrannosaurs Rex - 40-42 ft long, 8.4-14 tons

1. Tarbosaurus - 33-39ft long, 4-5 metric tons

2. Albertosaurus - 30-32ft long, 4 tons

3. Gorgosaurus - 26-30ft, 2.8-2.9 tons

4. Daspletosaurus - 26-30ft, 2.5 tons

5.Zhuchengtyrannus - 33-39ft, 6 tons

Hope this helps. :)

b) How many species has the genus Homo had in the course of history and when did this
genus first arise? (2 points)

Answers

Answer: The genus Homo had three species, H. habilis, H. rudolfensis, and H. erectus, and the genus first arose about 2.5 million years ago

Explanation:

What is a function of the backbone in animals?
A. It protects against predators.
B. It regulates blood glucose.
C. It surrounds the spinal cord.
D. It limits movement.

Answers

Answer:

C>

Explanation:

just took the test hope  it works.

The main function of the backbone in animals is that It surrounds the spinal cord. Vertebrate bodies are supported structurally by their backbones, hence option C is correct.

How backbone is important in animals?

The vertebral column's main job is to protect the spinal cord, but it also stiffens the body and serves as an attachment point for several muscles, the pectoral and pelvic girdles, and the spinal cord.

In contrast to cartilaginous or bony vertebrates, any animal without a vertebral column, or backbone, is referred to as an invertebrate. Invertebrates make up more than 90% of all species of living animals.

Therefore, the vertebral arch, also known as the bony arch on the back of a vertebra that surrounds the spinal cord, is made up of the spinous process and lamina.

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Directions. Choose TWO organisms below. Determine the likelihood of all the possible
offspring of the organisms chosen. Explain your answer.
Organism #1 Genotype Bb
Organism #2 Genotype Bb
Organism #3Genotype. bb
Reproduction type: Sexual
Reproduction type: Sexual
Reproduction type: Sexual
Type your response below
Directions Choose TWO organisms below. Determine the likelihood of all the possible
offspring of the organisms chosen. Explain your answer.
Organism #1 Genotype HH
Organism #2 Genotype: Hh
Organism #3 Genotype: hh
Reproduction type: Asexual
Reproduction type Asexual
Reproduction type Asexual
Type your response below

Answers

Answer:ghjhjjhvvvjohvjb

Explanation:

Plz help with my work I really stuck on this

Answers

Question 1:
Basically, producers are things like plants the are the first source of food. Primary consumers are the first to eat the producers (like small fish, insects, etc) Secondary consumers (foxes, larger fish, etc) consume the primary consumers, and tertiary consumers (sharks, humans, whales, etc.) consume the secondary consumers. Decomposers (fungi, bacteria, etc) like the name suggests decompose rests of food and organisms and send the nutrients back into the earth.

Questions 2&3:
An autotroph is an organism that produces its own food (like plants do through photosynthesis) and a heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food and has to seek out other sources of food.

Question 4:
Grass, Dragonfly, Trout, human

Question 5:
Bean plant, rabbit, fox, bacteria

Questions 6&7:
They are a little harder to explain in text form but hopefully my explanations can help you figure out the answer yourself.

Hope this helped!

Water as deep as ___ is still affected by the wind at the Earth’s surface
A) 60 m B) 250 C) 400 m D) 700 m

Answers

A) 60m

Wind can affect water up to 100m (325 feet) in depth.

Matter are anything that is made up of atoms. The quantity of matter can be observed only on the basis of mass and volume calculation. Therefore, the correct option is option A.

What is matter?

Matter is a substance that has some mass and can occupy some volume. The matter is mainly used in science. Matter can be solid, liquid or gas.

Matter is anything that is made up of atoms. Anything around us that can be physically seen and touched are matter. Ice, water and water vapors are example of matter.

So as we saw that matter has some mass so mass can be measured in gram only. Mass can also be represented as number of molecules. We also saw that matter occupy some volume and that volume is measured only in liter. Water as deep as 60 m is still affected by the wind at the earth’s surface.

Therefore, the correct option is option A.

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Do you think that climate change has been presented to you as doom and gloom throughout your life? Explain.

Answers

Answer:

I believe that climate change is one of the most serious problems of young generations. At the current pace of greenhouse gas production global warming will increase exponentially, which will result in rising sea levels, certain animal species going extinct. Deforestation also severely adds to this problem as wood is a finite resource on Earth and the more trees we destroy the less oxygen there is relative to the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This will continue to weaken the ozone layer which could result in catastrophe from sun flares or radiation. I do believe that in the near future drastic measures will be taken to prevent these events.

Explanation:

Describe an individual with the karyotype shown.





A. a female with Turner's syndrome


B. a male with Klinefelter's syndrome


C. a female with Down syndrome


D. a normal male

Answers

Answer:

A) missing one X chromosome

B) XXY

C) extra 21 chromosome

D) all relevant number of chromosomes

Explanation:

A) See attachment 1

B) see 2nd attachment

C) see 3rd attachment

D) see 4th attachment

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A cylindrical swimming pool has a height of 4 feet and a circumference of about 75.36 feet. What is the area of a vertical cross section through the center of the pool? Use 3.14 for . How much food can this container hold 3in 9in How did American's efforts during the Civil War redefine what it means to be an American? who were the united farm workers? How did they fight for their cause? i need help can some please answer this 2 2/3+1 1/2 En el caf, los amigos hablan conA. la meseraB. el batidoC. la sobremesaD. el men what is the volume of the square pyramid ?A. 2530 cubic feetB. 10,240 cubic feetC. 11,605.3 cubic feetD. 30,720 cubic feet(50 points) please help me BIG POINTS What is the solution to Negative 1 minus 7? A number line going from negative 10 to positive 10. 8 6 6 8 A 6.0 cm candle is 30.0 cm from a concave mirror that has a focal lengthof 11 cm. What is the distance of the image from the mirror?7 points0.09 cm17 cm.06 cmO20 cm which period correspondes to a time when Indians in east texas started to live in the villiage Please answer this in a paragraph! Thank you!You have been put in charge of the taxation of the Mars colony. You need to decide how to tax the citizens of the colony. Will you institute a progressive, regressive, or a flat tax on income? Will you institute excise taxes? If yes, what goods and services will you tax and why? Will you institute sales taxes, property taxes, or VAT on goods? Given f(x)=2x^2-8x+6 and g(x)=3x-1, what is f(x)+g(x) ? HELP ASAP WILL MARK BRAINLIESTIF YOU DONT KNOW DONT ANSWER Why is the Soviet Union no longer a nation True or False: Too much carbon in seawater prevents clams, snails, and othersea animals from growing their shells. 12. Use the graph of f(x) to find the solutions to the equation f(x)=0 (1 point)two solutions: r= -10,2two solutions: x = 10.-2one solution: x= 10no solutions whats the product of 6 and q An assembly line is operating satisfactorily if fewer than 2 % of the phones produced per day are defective. To check the quality of a day's production, the company randomly samples 5 0 phones from a day's production to test for defects. Define the population of interest to the manufacturer. all the phones produced during the day in question the 50 phones sampled and tested the 2% of the phones that are defective the 50 responses: defective or not defective A loop with a break in it that prevents current from flowing is called a(n)_______circuit.